China's Multi-Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Achieves Key Breakthroughs, Entering a New Era of Precision, Personalization, and Full-Cycle Care

Cancer has always been a major public health issue that threatens public health and restricts the improvement of the national health level. To further promote the high-quality development of China's tumor prevention and control efforts, recently, in2025At the summary and exchange meeting of the “Good Doctors for the People · Jinshan Camellia Project,” leading experts in lung cancer, hepatobiliary tumors, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic oncology, urologic oncology, lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and other fields engaged in in-depth discussions on the latest advances in cancer prevention and control, clinical innovation, and system development.

Experts at the conference unanimously agreed that, with the rapid advancement of medical technology and the continuous optimization of diagnosis and treatment models, cancer prevention and control in China is gradually entering a new stage characterized by “precision, personalization, and full-cycle care.” From immunotherapy and targeted drugs to multidisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive management, a series of innovative approaches are providing patients with longer survival times and improved quality of life. However, challenges such as regional disparities, insufficient diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities at the primary care level, and an imperfect system for early diagnosis and early treatment persist. These issues urgently require systematic development and collaborative efforts from multiple stakeholders to be effectively addressed.

Experts actively offered insights and recommendations from multiple dimensions, including clinical practice, scientific innovation, talent development, and system building, to jointly explore new pathways for cancer prevention and control suited to China’s national conditions, thereby facilitating the implementation of the “Healthy China” strategy in the field of oncology.

Clinical research innovation is the core driver advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, with the deepening integration of precision medicine concepts and the continuous emergence of novel therapies, China has achieved a series of breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple cancer types, significantly improving patient survival outcomes.

In the field of lung cancer, Professor Wu Yilong, Chief Expert at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, pointed out that the widespread adoption of precision diagnosis and treatment, along with the application of targeted and immunotherapies, has effectively prolonged survival and improved quality of life for lung cancer patients. He specifically mentioned small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has undergone transformation in recent years, with newTCellular antibody-activating agents have demonstrated significant efficacy in second-line treatment, providing a new paradigm for these refractory tumors. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) In terms of , neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy regimens have improved outcomes for patients with early- to intermediate-stage disease5annual survival rate, making "cure" possible. In the treatment of advanced-stage disease,METThe identification of new driver genes, such as amplifications, has also opened up new directions for precision targeted therapy.

The therapeutic landscape for hepatobiliary tumors has also undergone profound transformation. Professor Fan Jia, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated that current treatment has entered a new “immunotherapy-dominated” phase. The synergistic application of immunotherapy with targeted therapies and interventional procedures has not only extended patient survival but also created opportunities for curative resection in some previously unresectable tumors. He emphasized that future diagnosis and treatment must advance toward more precise stratification, deeper mechanistic synergy, and comprehensive whole-course disease management, while simultaneously strengthening early screening, early diagnosis, and innovation in clinical research.

Significant progress has also been made in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Professor Shen Lin from Peking University Cancer Hospital noted that, in the field of esophageal cancer, domestically developed innovative drugs are driving updates to treatment guidelines, with organ-preserving therapy and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy emerging as key research focuses. In the realm of gastric cancer,HER2Breakthroughs in Targeted Combination Immunotherapy forCLDN18.2As research on new targets advances steadily, the postoperative “de-escalation therapy” strategy has also yielded positive outcomes in specific patient populations. She further pointed out that refining standardized protocols and optimizing precision screening systems are key directions for future efforts.

The diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic malignancies have improved rapidly in recent years. Professor Wu Xiaohua from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center noted that targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought new hope to patients. For high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer, combining immunotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival and overall survival. In the fields of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer, where incidence is rising, combination immunotherapies also show potential for enhancing patient survival benefits, providing more options for clinical practice.

Significant breakthroughs continue to emerge in the field of urologic oncology. Professor Zhou Liqun from Peking University Health Science Center shared three major advancements: domestically produced surgical robots have entered clinical practice, becoming a core force driving the development of minimally invasive surgery; immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and other combination therapies have achieved breakthroughs, bringing new options for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer; organ-preserving treatments have made significant progress, with various combination regimens better preserving organ function while enhancing efficacy. The treatment paradigm is shifting from surgery alone to “surgical+Evolution of the “Drug” Synergy Model.

Even in the field of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is characterized by high malignancy and challenges in early diagnosis, treatment pathways are increasingly being optimized. Professor Ma Jun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that for late-stage recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become the first-line standard of care, while dual immunotherapy combinations and targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy...ADCNew therapeutic modalities, such as novel pharmaceutical agents, are currently under investigation. For patients with locally advanced disease, the core objective is to “reduce toxicity while enhancing efficacy,” and the incorporation of immunotherapy has significantly improved treatment outcomes. For instance, the combination of tislelizumab with chemotherapy regimens can substantially increase the complete response rate following induction therapy, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent precision radiotherapy.

Treatment of hematologic malignancies has, with theCAR-TThe application of innovative approaches, such as cell therapy and targeted drugs, has entered a new phase. Dr. Ma Jun, Director of the Harbin Institute of Hematology and Oncology, pointed out that many patients who were previously difficult to cure now have the opportunity for long-term survival. However, he also cautioned that China still faces challenges in the field of hematologic malignancies, including low early diagnosis rates and uneven diagnostic and treatment capabilities at the primary care level. There is an urgent need to strengthen public education, promote early screening, and optimize treatment protocols through multicenter clinical studies.

Shan Guohong, Vice President of the China Pharmaceutical Innovation Promotion Association, stated that the continuous emergence of innovative anti-tumor drugs and therapies is driving cancer treatment gradually into an era of “chronic disease management.” As a representative of innovative enterprises, he called for sustained efforts to promote the translation of clinical research and talent development, so as to bring international cutting-edge technologies to Chinese patients more rapidly.

These progress reports from various cancer fields clearly demonstrate that clinical innovations—guided by precision medicine and represented by immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and novel combination strategies—are systematically reshaping the outcomes of oncology treatment, offering renewed hope for patients.

Breakthroughs in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies rely on robust systemic support. Experts at the conference generally agreed that establishing a comprehensive cancer prevention and control system—covering the entire care continuum and integrating coordinated efforts across all levels of healthcare—along with strengthening primary care capabilities and enhancing talent development, is fundamental to ensuring the sustainability of cancer control achievements and achieving high-quality development.

Multidisciplinary Collaboration (MDT) mode has been repeatedly emphasized as the cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Professor Zhu Jun from Peking University Cancer Hospital pointed out that developing individualized plans for patients through the collaboration of experts in internal medicine, surgery, and radiation oncology is key to achieving precision therapy. However, he also acknowledged that there are still shortcomings in China's current cancer prevention and control efforts, such as uneven regional development and non-standardized patient follow-up management. It is necessary to further improve the diagnosis and treatment system and strengthen the deep integration of clinical research with practice.

Enhancing the capacity of primary healthcare services is a core component in addressing the uneven distribution of medical resources and achieving the strategic shift of focusing care delivery at the grassroots level. Professor Jiang Zefei from the Chinese PLA General Hospital emphasizes that strengthening diagnostic and treatment capabilities at the primary care level is a crucial element of the cancer prevention and control system. It is essential to extend high-quality medical resources to the grassroots level through technical assistance, remote consultations, and talent development, enabling patients to access standardized diagnostic and treatment services close to home.

The concept of whole-course disease management is gaining increasing attention. Experts believe that cancer treatment should not focus solely on tumor eradication but must also address the health needs of patients as “whole persons.” This includes psychological counseling and nutritional support during treatment, as well as rehabilitation guidance, long-term follow-up, and quality-of-life care after treatment, thereby building a continuous service chain that integrates prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.

In the systematic prevention and control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Academician Ma Jun’s introduction provides a paradigm. Given the disease’s high incidence and high rate of late-stage diagnosis, establishing clear, optimized diagnostic and treatment pathways, exploring new models for “toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement,” and leveraging novel approaches such as immunotherapy to improve therapeutic outcomes are key to reducing the disease burden. This requires close integration among clinical research, treatment guidelines, and clinical practice.

Talent Development and Team Building Are the Cornerstone of Sustainable GrowthAcademician Fan Jia, Professor Jiang Zefei, and other experts have all called for encouraging more young and middle-aged physicians to engage in clinical research and innovation, keeping pace with international frontiers. This conference specially invited several young and middle-aged physicians to join the Clinical Research and Innovation Expert Pool of the “Jinshan Camellia Program,” providing them with a platform for professional growth and visibility. Representatives of young and middle-aged physicians expressed their eagerness for more opportunities to participate in scientific research and innovative practices, to learn advanced concepts, and to enhance disease prevention and control capabilities.

Public science education and early diagnosis and treatment are the frontline measures for prevention and control. Addressing the low rate of early diagnosis in hematologic malignancies, Director Ma Jun recommends strengthening public science education to improve disease awareness. This approach applies to all cancer types. Professor Zhu Jun added that it is essential to strengthen awareness of whole-course patient management, starting with prevention and early detection, to fundamentally reduce the risk of cancer incidence and the difficulty of treatment.

Promoting and popularizing standardized diagnosis and treatment is a prerequisite for ensuring the homogenization of healthcare quality. With the continuous updates of domestic and international guidelines and expert consensus, it has become an urgent priority to facilitate the implementation of these standards across medical institutions at all levels, particularly in primary care hospitals. This requires collaborative efforts from industry associations, top-tier hospitals, and enterprises to conduct training and quality control initiatives.

Deep integration of industry, academia, and research serves as the engine for accelerating the translation of innovations. From an industry perspective, Shan Guohong proposed deepening industry-academia-research collaboration to expedite the translation of novel drugs and therapies from the laboratory to clinical practice. Director Ma Jun also recommended enhancing multi-center collaboration, conducting large-scale real-world studies, continuously optimizing diagnosis and treatment protocols, and improving the accessibility of innovative therapies.

In summary, China’s cancer prevention and control efforts are standing at a new starting point, driven by the dual engines of technological breakthroughs and system development. Only by integrating cutting-edge clinical innovations into a more comprehensive, equitable, and efficient prevention and treatment system, supplemented by sustainable talent development and public education, can we truly solidify the foundation of oncology prevention and control, ultimately achieving the ambitious goal of comprehensively curbing the harm caused by cancer as outlined in the “Healthy China” strategy.